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First tithe
The first tithe (Hebrew ''ma'aser rishon'' מעשר ראשון) is a positive commandment in the Torah requiring the giving of one tenth of agricultural produce, after the giving of the standard ''terumah,'' to the Kohen (Jewish priest) (or Levite). This giving is required to be free of both monetary and servicial compensation.
Historically, during the First Temple period, the first tithe was given to the Levite. Approximately at the beginning of the Second Temple construction, Ezra and his Beth din implemented its giving to the kohanim.〔The Talmud Adin Steinsaltz 1992 "Yet if a priest has first tithe in his possession, he need not give it to a Levite. Ezra penalized the Levites of his generation because they did not return to Eretz Israel with him, and he decreed that first tithe should be given to ..."〕〔''Restoration: Old Testament, Jewish, and Christian perspectives '' p329 James M. Scott - 2001 "One says that the Levites were punished because they did not come up to the Land of Israel during Ezra's days. The other says that the first tithe was given to the priests, so that they would have food when they were in a state of ..."〕
== Hebrew Bible ==
The tithe gift is discussed in the Hebrew Bible (Numbers 18:21-26) according to which a tenth of the produce was to be presented to a Levite who then gave a tenth of the first tithe to a kohen (Numbers 18:26). Tithing was seen as performing a Mitzvah done in joyful obedience to God. Giving tithe would open oneself up to receipt of divine blessing〔Rashi to Parshat Nasso〕
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